Examine the Shape and Size
Hawks come in various shapes and sizes, which can be key to identifying them. Broad-winged hawks have shorter, rounded wings and stocky bodies
while slender hawks like Cooper’s hawks have long tails and narrower wings. Comparing their proportions to known birds in the area can help.
Observe the Wing Patterns in Flight
Look for unique wing patterns and markings while hawks soar. Red-tailed hawks, for example, often display a dark band across their belly and broad, rounded wings with pale undersides.
Familiarize yourself with common regional species for better accuracy.
Note Tail Shape and Length
Hawks’ tails can be rounded, squared, or long and narrow, depending on the species. Red-shouldered hawks often show a banded tail, while sharp-shinned hawks have a squared-off tail with subtle striping.
Pay Attention to Behavior
Behavior offers clues. Soaring hawks with slow wingbeats are often buteos, like red-tailed hawks. Accipiters, such as Cooper’s hawks, fly with quick, short wing flaps followed by a glide.
Study Habitat and Range
Hawks prefer specific habitats. Grasslands and open fields are home to northern harriers, while woodlands attract Cooper’s hawks. Researching the local range and seasonality of hawks in your area can narrow your options.